Follow-up of Children with Allergy and Eczema

What are allergy and eczema?

An allergy is an overreaction of the immune system to a substance that is normally harmless; in children it most often appears as food allergy, allergic rhinitis and wheezing. Eczema (atopic dermatitis) is a skin condition with dryness, itching and redness that runs in flares and quiet periods; it is quite common in infancy.

How do I assess?

The most valuable diagnostic tool is a detailed history: when do the symptoms occur, what are they linked to, is there allergy in the family? I use tests selectively, where the history points; when needed we work with a pediatric allergist. When a food allergy is suspected, I manage the elimination and reintroduction process with a written plan.

Daily care in eczema

• Short, lukewarm baths, followed by plenty of moisturiser within 3 minutes,
• fragrance-free products, cotton clothing, nails kept short,
• a stepped cream treatment on medical advice during flares,
• reducing triggers that worsen itching (sweating, wool, harsh soap).

When to seek care?

Widespread itching that disrupts sleep, signs of skin infection, vomiting, rash or breathing symptoms linked to food, and recurrent wheezing need an examination. Sudden swelling of the lips or tongue, or difficulty breathing, is an emergency; go to the nearest emergency department without delay.